In this lesson,
you will learn how to use
を / に / で.
を（What?）
に（Where to?）
で（Where?）
New Vocabulary
べんきょう（勉強）【BENKYOU】 study
がっこう（学校）【GAKKOU】 school
いく（行く）【IKU】 go
In the last lesson,
you learned は and が.
Using は,
you can show who the sentence is about.
Japanese
わたし【は】 りんご たべる
This sentence shows who,
but it is not complete yet.
To complete a sentence,
we use particles.
How to Choose a Particle
When you are not sure
which particle to use,
ask yourself a simple question.
•What? → 【を】
•Where to? → 【に】
•Where does the action happen? → 【で】
These questions help you
choose the right particle.
なにを？ → を
Look at this sentence:
わたしは たべる
I eat.
So you naturally ask:
なにを？ (NANI WO) What?
That is why we use を.
わたしは たべる。( I eat ）
→ わたしは りんご【を】 たべる。
( I eat an apple. )
どこに？ → に
Look at this sentence:
わたしは いく
I go.
So you naturally ask:
どこに？（DOKONI？） Where to?
That is why we use に.
わたしは いく。 ( I go. )
→ わたしは がっこう【に】 いく。
( I go to school. )
どこで？ → で
Look at this sentence:
わたしは べんきょうする
I study
So you naturally ask:
どこで？ ( DOKODE？ ) Where?
That is why we use で.
わたしは べんきょうする。( I study. )
→ わたしは がっこう【で】 べんきょうする。
（I study at school. ）
Same Place, Different Particles
Even with the same place word,
the particle you use changes
depending on the verb.
•に: destination (where you go)
•で: place of action (where you do something)
Notes
About べんきょうする
In this lesson,
べんきょうする is used as one verb.
This is intentional
This lesson focuses on
を / に / で,
not on verb formation.
You will learn noun + する
later in JLPT N5.
Subject Can Be Omitted
In Japanese,
words that are already understood
are sometimes not said.
わたしは がっこうに いく
→ がっこうに いく
Both sentences are natural.
Summary
In this lesson,
you learned を / に / で.
•を → What?
•に → Where to?
•で → Where does the action happen?
If you are not sure,
ask yourself a question.
This way of thinking
will help you in all future lessons.